Superfoods & Botanicals
PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)
Also known as: Pyrroloquinoline quinone · Methoxatin · BioPQQ
A redox co-factor in bacteria and found in trace amounts in foods. Stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α and supports NGF — uniquely targeting both mitochondrial and cognitive health.
Effective Dose
10–20mg / day
per clinical evidence
Evidence Level
Moderate
Superfoods & Botanicals
Mechanism
Mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α), antioxidant, nerve growth factor support
primary action
Best For
Mitochondrial health
Cognitive function, Energy, Anti-ageing
This profile is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplementation, especially if you have pre-existing conditions or take medications.
What Is PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)?
PQQ is a redox co-factor first identified in bacteria that is also found in trace amounts in human breast milk, green tea, fermented foods, and tissues. It functions as an antioxidant catalyst (recycling through thousands of reduction-oxidation cycles unlike single-use antioxidants) and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis via multiple pathways.
How It Works: The Science
PQQ activates PGC-1α (master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis) through both CREB phosphorylation and DJ-1 protein stabilisation. This increases mitochondrial number and efficiency. PQQ also stimulates NGF synthesis (supporting nerve growth and repair), is a potent antioxidant that scavenges superoxide thousands of times before degrading, and modulates NMDA receptor activity.
Primary Mechanism
Mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α), antioxidant, nerve growth factor support
Evidence-Based Benefits
Dosage Guide
Effective Dose
10–20mg / day
10–20mg/day. BioPQQ (fermentation-derived) is the most studied form. Pairs synergistically with CoQ10 — both support the electron transport chain from different angles.
Safety Profile & Side Effects
Excellent safety profile in published trials. Well tolerated at up to 20mg/day. No known serious adverse effects.
Who Should (and Shouldn't) Take It
Those targeting mitochondrial health and cognitive ageing. Excellent complement to CoQ10 and NMN/NR for a comprehensive mitochondrial longevity stack.
Frequently Asked Questions
Related Ingredients
Medical Disclaimer
Ingredient profiles are for informational purposes only and do not constitute medical advice. Consult a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplementation, especially if you have pre-existing conditions or take medications. Full disclaimer →